How Septic Systems Work

A typical onsite system uses a septic tank followed by a soil-based treatment/dispersal area commonly called a drainfield.

Inside the tank

Wastewater enters the tank, where solids separate into layers. Sludge accumulates toward the bottom, scum floats, and liquid effluent exits toward treatment or dispersal.

The drainfield

The downstream soil-based component receives effluent for further treatment and dispersal. Protecting it from excess water, compaction and solids is central to system care.

Why pumping exists

Sludge and scum accumulate over time. Periodic inspection measures those layers and helps determine when pumping is needed.

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